HSC 2004, Q27 The offspring from asexual reproduction is a clone of its parent, meaning it has the same allele combinations as its parent. Year 11 Biology Notes. Favourable characteristics are adaptations that allow an organism to effectively tolerate the selective pressures in its ambient environment. The empty follicle will collapse to form the corpus lute which further secretes oestrogen and progesterone, preventing any further production of FSH of LH. See the exam paper, plus marking guidelines and feedback from markers, for the 2017 NSW Biology Higher School Certificate (HSC) exam. The protein that is formed during protein-synthesis will determine an organism’s characteristics. Interested in our year 11 biology tutoring classes? No fancy technology required. Prior to fertilisation, as per normal menstrual cycle to prepare for pregnancy, Gondadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted in response to low levels of progesterone and oestrogen from the hypothalamus to stimulate the pituitary gland. As mentioned in the definition earlier, ecosystem diversity provides abiotic components such as circulation and purifying air, water, erosion control, water level control as well as fertile land for agricultural purposes. Comparatively, asexual reproduction, such as mitosis, is the process of producing an offspring from just one parent through cell division or mitosis. During cell division, but prior to separation of the protruding bud from the parent yeast (fungi), the parent’s nucleus’ DNA replicates and nucleus divides equally, but, the cytoplasm divides unequally (hence bud is smaller than parent). Retailer of quality educational toys, childrens books and textbooks for over 40 years. If performed on land, the egg will dry out. LH will also be produced by the pituitary gland which will encourage further progesterone production from the corpus luteum resulting in a spike progesterone level. For example, in humans and many other mammals, this cell division process is called mitosis. read other testimonials . It will also help you reinforce your understanding of … HSC biology. A third point is that reproduction would increase the total number of offsprings in a population, effectively increasing population size. This can lead to a lower genetic variation in species population as the mating process is more selective than external fertilisation. Accordingly Biology has been divided into two branches: Botany and Zoology. Anyways, successful transfer results in pollination and fertilisation of the egg cell, producing a seed. Please keep in mind that these are all theories! We will examine why this is the case when we do Punnett Squares in Week 4 where we learn about homozygous and heterozygous alleles for different genes. We will learn about these two terms when you learn about Punnett Square in Week 4’s notes. 2 mark = Genetic material replicates followed by cell division to produce two daughter cells that are clones of parent. Gametogenesis is the name of the gamete formation process. Hence, artificial insemination is a form of sexual reproduction (involves gametes). In 2018, students undertaking the 2019 HSC will be starting the New HSC Science Syllabus in Chemistry, Physics and Biology. Describe a first-hand investigation that could be used to verify the effects of pH on the colour of hydrangea flowers. You will be able to assess yourself easily whether your learning strategies are working or not. The moss will grow via cell division when it becomes into contact with matter such as moisture in the air. It is important to note that the parent cell won’t exist at the end because it is now part of the two daughter cells. Dolly was successfully cloned using a sheep’s (sheep A) mammary gland (a group of somatic/body cells). Strengthening muscles of pelvic floor which support the delivery of offspring via the uterus then cervix and then through the vagina. Since this Weekâs inquiry question is essentially exploring how humanâs use of biotechnology affects biodiversity on Earth, we should explore the definition of both âbiotechnologyâ and âbiodiversityâ. This usually occur when the environmental conditions are favourable for the fungi. Since humans and many other mammals cannot produce offspring via asexual means, all offsprings produced are from non-somatic cells. Under the concept of reproduction, we are specifically concerned about the reproductive mechanisms (how they work) occurring in animals, plants, fungi, bacteria and protists. mrsprivatecenter. Fetus moves from uterus (womb) and then through cervix and then out through vagina. Agricultural biotechnology can also reduce the risk of diseases (e.g. However, as DNA is stored in the nucleus (whereas no nucleus in bacteria), the chromosome will move to each side of the nucleus before the splitting of the nucleus and eventually splitting of the cell membrane and cytoplasm into two daughter cells. 4 marks = Apply each step of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution to the rabbit population. 1 mark = Relating how the passion on of genetic material from parents to offspring permits the change in a population’s adaptations outlook over time. Now that we have explored asexual and sexual reproduction with examples, let’s see what they involve beyond differences between number of parents involved and genetic variation in offspring that we have mentioned at the beginning of this notes. These gametes can combine to produce either a genetically identical offspring or genetically different offspring. Currently, therapeutic proteins is a growing medical biotechnology area as HTS techniques are currently being used to automate the process to explore different therapeutic proteins to cure conditions such as asthma and muscular dystrophy. Endorphin hormones are released to increase concentration and relief pain to focus on the delivery of offspring. from migration) that is competing for the same food resource as the existing population, a new predator, introduction of chemicals into the environment – e.g. [7 marks], Week 7 Homework Question #3: Describe how the field of biotechnology changed over time. 1 marks = A factor that distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction (genetic variation, number of parents, mitosis vs meiosis, performed using germ cell verses somatic cell, etc). Fragmentation can also occur in mosses when you split one moss into two. In some other flora, the ovary will become a fruit. At the end of the day, as outlined by the Australasian Association of Bioethics and Health Law (AABHL), it is important to encourage a wide range of stakeholders to participate in the discussion and formation of ethical policies that balances interests of all parties whilst still allowing innovation in the biotech field. Upon successful implantation, it will encourage the corpus luteum to secrete more oestrogen and progesterone. Overview of Week 7’s Inquiry Question – How do genetic techniques affect Earth’s biodiversity? HSC Study Notes » Biology Study Notes Find the Study Notes you need. has double the chromosomes of each of the male and female gametes which are both haploid. Biology. So, essentially, the gamete undergoes mitosis to develop into a drone bee which will have a diploid chromosome number. This inherently involved the risk of contacting and receiving blood-borne diseases. This gene can be placed into E.Coli bacteriaâs plasmids for replication (recombinant DNA technology). Not just structural characteristics (phenotype) but also physiological and behavioural characteristics! HSC biology. Answer to True/False Question #1: True. The following is an extract from a gardening website. The extraction of insect-resistant Bt gene from the bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, allows biotechnologists to insert the gene into crops such as corn and cotton to resist crops being invaded by insects and pathogens (e.g. 3. Similar concept to artificial insemination. These spores that are genetically different from their parents. Thank you BoredofStudies for offering your many years of support to high school students! The bottom left image is diagram showcasing the steps of fertilisation and implantation: The idea of the diagram is just to allow you have a rough idea of where fertilisation and implantation occurs in the female’s body. Artificial insemination involves the fertilisation of an egg with a sperm cell. You may have heard of vegetative propagation at school. Holly Berton “thank you for all the great HSC support! Male salmon produce gametes (Sperm) to fertilise a nest of eggs that is produced by female salmon somewhere in the ocean. Let’s have a look at them now. One fertilises the ovum inside the ovule and the other male gamete fertilises two polar nuclei (diploid nucleus) inside the ovule which develops into a endosperm which is a tissue that supply nutrients to the zygote (seed) when it grows. 2 marks = Describe how cloning decreases a population’s genetic variation. This is because if artificial pollination is used to produce a million plants, the majority of the plant population will be genetically identical. Fast forwarding to 4000BC, some common crops that we see in modern civilisation including potatoes and peas are seen to be grown in America and Eurasia. Those species with favourable characteristics to tolerate the the new conditions will survive and reproduce more successfully than those without. *Note that self pollination involves one plant (parent) and is a type of sexual reproduction. Physiological adaptations refer to the biochemical processes that an organism is able to perform to allow it to tolerate its ambient environment’s selective pressures. The extraction process involves using a gene splicing technique in recombinant DNA technology. 100% Free Tutoring + Resources Click the link below to CLAIM YOUR FREEBIES! Artificial pollination is a form of sexual reproduction. See the process of hormonal control in the following PDF. • External fertilisation can give raise to more mating partner options than internal fertilisation. Arguably, this could supports the continuity of species more than internal fertilisation. The petri dish is then placed inside a incubator for cultivation where conditions are optimised for the enhance the probability of the zygote developing into an embryo and eventually blastocyst. Aristotle is regarded as the father of Biology. This environment agent determine the favourable characteristics in a population. NOTE: Binary fission in protist vs bacteria and budding in protist vs fungi are similar. ConquerHSC Jun 5, 2019 As an after-work hobby, I'm on a mission to support HSC Chemistry, Biology and Physics students in achieving their maximum potential. Firstly, IVF processes involves a stage known as a ovulation hyperstimulation where multiple matured egg cells or oocytes are produced. the jellyfish case, gene to treat osteoporosis disease). Aquacultures used to culture aquatic organisms facilitates the discovery of genes that produce new transgenic species that would be beneficial for medical biotechnology (i.e. Upon stimulation of hypothalamus’s neurone cells, the pituitary gland will secrete oxytocin into the bloodstream. (T/F), Curveball Question 1: Explain in what scenarios will artificial reproduction methods increase and decrease genetic variation in a population of rainbow unicorns (4 marks), Curveball Question 2: Explain the implications of how adaptations can only be passed down via heredity on evolution (4 marks), Curveball Question 3: Suppose there is a large population of white and brown rabbits living on a heavy snowy mountain. Mendelâs proposal had the consequences of paving the way for farmers to experiment with cross breeding plants to produce hybrid offsprings with favourable traits of its parents. In reality, manufacturers make GM food and transgenic food synonymous despite them being different! 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